Proceso de atención en enfermería basado en mapa de cuidados en persona mayor reintervenida quirúrgicamente por reemplazo de cadera. Reporte de un caso

El proceso de atención en enfermería (PAE) es un método sistemático y organizado que requiere de un entrenamiento específico, tener conocimientos y habilidades prácticas que proporcionan las herramientas para brindar cuidado abordando las dimensiones de forma holística a partir de una interacción directa con el paciente, la familia y el entorno social. Se presenta el PAE de una persona mayor, femenina, de 65 años de edad, con pluripatologías: síndrome purpúrico, monoparesia de miembro inferior derecho y síndrome convulsivo, reintervenida quirúrgicamente de un reemplazo de cadera derecha. Se plantea el PAE y sus cinco etapas: valoración, diagnóstico, planeación, ejecución y evaluación; siguiendo la valoración por dominios. El plan de cuidados se realiza con el enfoque de mapa de cuidados en la situación quirúrgica, diagnóstico NANDA International, lnc. La evaluación de intervenciones NIC (Nursing Interventions Classification) y resultados NOC (Nursing Outcomes Classification).

The Nursing Care Process (NCP) is a systematic and organized method that requires specific training, knowledge and practical skills that provide the tools needed to provide care by addressing the dimensions holistically from direct interaction with the patient, the family and social environment. Te NCP of a 65-year-old female elderly person with multiple pathologies; purpuric syndrome, right lower limb monoparesis and convulsive syndrome, who underwent surgery for a right hip replacement is presented. The Nursing Care Process (NCP) and its five stages are proposed: assessment, diagnosis, Outcomes/ Planning, Implementation and evaluation; following the valuation by domains. The care plan was carried out with the care map approach, NANDA Internacional Inc. Te evaluation of NIC (Nursing Interventions Classification) interventions and NOC (Nursing Outcomes Classification) results.

Síndrome de burnout en el personal de enfermería en hospitales del departamento del Atlántico / Burnout syndrome in the nursing personal in health care institutions of the Atlantic department

RESUMEN Objetivo Determinar la prevalencia del síndrome de burnout en el personal de enfermería en hospitales del Departamento del Atlántico (Colombia). Materiales y Métodos Se realizó un estudio cuantitativo, descriptivo transversal, en 117 profesionales y 229 auxiliares de enfermería de cuatro hospitales del Departamento del Atlántico (Colombia), dos públicos y dos privados. Se empleó una encuesta anónima con datos sociodemográficos y la escala de Maslach. Resultados La prevalencia global del síndrome de burnout o desgaste profesional fue de 65%. En profesionales de enfermería, fue de 63,2% y en auxiliares de enfermería, de 65,9%. El 13,3% de los participantes presentó un grado elevado de burnout para el cansancio emocional; el 9,2%, para la despersonalización; y el 62,7% obtuvo puntuaciones bajas para la realización personal. En los profesionales de enfermería, el 12,7% obtuvo una puntuación alta para cansancio emocional; 7,4% para despersonalización, y 64,2% obtuvo puntuaciones bajas para la realización personal. Por su parte, en los auxiliares de enfermería el comportamiento en algunas subescalas fue muy similar; el 14,5% obtuvo una puntuación alta para cansancio emocional; 12,8%, para despersonalización y 59,8% obtuvo puntuaciones bajas para la realización personal. Conclusiones La presencia del síndrome de burnout en la población estudiada es alta. Es similar tanto en enfermeros como en auxiliares de enfermería. La dimensión más afectada fue la realización personal en ambos grupos estudiados, lo cual corresponde a sentimientos altos del "quemado".

ABSTRACT Objective To determine the prevalence of burnout syndrome in the nursing staff in four hospitals located in the State of Atlántico (Colombia). Material and Methods A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted and included as participants 117 nursing professionals and 229 nursing auxiliaries from four hospitals located in the State of Atlantico (Colombia), two public and two privates. An anonymous self-study survey was used on sociodemographic, labor data and Maslach Scale. Results The overall prevalence of Burnout Syndrome or professional burnout was 65%. In nursing professionals it was 63,2% and in nursing auxiliaries 65,9%. At least 13,3% of the participants had a high degree of Burnout from emotional exhaustion, 9.2% for depersonalization, and 62,7% had low scores for personal fulfillment. In nursing professionals, 12,7% had a high score for emotional exhaustion, 7,4% for depersonalization, and 64,2% obtained low scores for personal fulfillment. On the other hand, in nursing auxiliaries the behavior in some subscales was very similar, 14,5% had a high score for emotional exhaustion, 12,8% for depersonalization and 59,8% had low scores for personal fulfillment. Conclusions The presence of burnout syndrome is high in the studied population, it is similar in both, nurses and nursing auxiliaries. The most affected dimension was the personal fulfillment in both groups, which corresponds to high feelings of the "burned".

Narrativa de enfermería: visión y patrones de conocimiento en la experiencia de cuidado de una persona con colostomía. Reporte de caso / A Nursing Narrative: Vision and Patterns of Knowledge in the Care Experience of a Patient with Colostomy. A case report

RESUMEN La narrativa de las situaciones de enfermería resalta las vivencias y significados de la persona objeto de cuidado con un proceso de enfermedad y da cuenta de la relación de cuidado enfermero-paciente como aspecto clave para la recuperación de la salud física, mental y espiritual, teniendo como base el proceso de atención de enfermería. Se presenta la situación de enfermería de una persona mayor de 74 años de edad, posquirúrgica de laparotomía exploratoria más resección de masa en colon sigmoide, que derivó en una colostomía. Se resaltan situaciones relacionadas con la ansiedad y preocupación de parte de una de sus hijas por el estado de salud de su madre. Con base en la narrativa se analizaron los patrones de conocimiento personal, empírico, ético y estético, la visión del mundo de enfermería integrativa-interactiva, así como la aplicación de la teoría de rango medio de las transiciones; los supuestos de las propiedades de la transición de Afaf Meleis.

ABSTRACT The narrative of nursing situations highlights the experiences and meanings of the person object of care with a disease process, and accounts for the caring relationship between the nurse and the patient in need of nursing care as a key aspect for the recovery of physical, mental, and spiritual health, based on the nursing care process. The nursing situation of a 74-year-old woman after a laparotomy surgery plus resection of a mass in the sigmoid colon, that led to a colostomy, is presented. Situations related to anxiety and concern of one of her daughters about the state of health of her mother are highlighted. Based on the narrative, we analyzed the fundamental patterns of personal, empirical, ethical, and aesthetic knowledge; and also the Interactive-Integrative Nursing Worldview, as well as the application of Afaf Meleis' Transitions mid-range Theory and its assumptions of the transition properties.

Herramientas y criterios para la de prescripción de medicación inapropiada en adultos mayores: una revisión de la literatura con implicaciones para la atención al paciente y la práctica clínica / Assessment tools and criteria for deprescribing inappropriate medication in older adults: A literature review with implications for patient care and clinical practice

Objetivo: Identificar las herramientas y los criterios para deprescribir medicación potencialmente inapropiada en adultos mayores. Métodos: Se realizó una búsqueda de literatura en MEDLINE (vía PubMed), EMBASE, LILACS, SCIELO, para recopilar las herramientas y criterios de evaluación para deprescribir medicamentos inapropiados en adultos mayores. Se incluyeron herramientas, algoritmos y enfoques, hasta marzo de 2020. Los términos se ajustaron para cada una de las bases de datos. Resultados: La estrategia de búsqueda produjo 3326 publicaciones potencialmente relevantes. Se evaluaron un total de 258 artículos y se incluyeron 69 en el análisis descriptivo. Estos se organizaron en dos categorías: criterios específicos (n =55) y algoritmos o enfoques para evaluar la medicación inapropiada (n =14). La mayoría de las herramientas y criterios fueron desarrollados basados en la evidencia. Conclusiones: Esta revisión proporciona una compilación de herramientas disponibles para identificar medicación potencialmente inapropiada en adultos mayores. Las herramientas y los criterios de evaluación sirven de apoyo a los profesionales de la salud para la toma decisiones en torno a los medicamentos usados en esta población. Además, estos resultados ilustran la complejidad de la farmacoterapia actual en los adultos mayores debido al número y tipo de medicamentos incluidos en las herramientas, como una alerta frente a su posible uso inapropiado. Los AINE y las benzodiazepinas son los fármacos más comunes en los criterios explícitos.(AU)

Objective: To identify tools and criteria for evaluating potentially inappropriate medication in older adults with implications in patient care and clinical practice. Methods: A literature search was conducted in MEDLINE (via PubMed), EMBASE, LILACS, SCIELO, to gather relevant data regarding assessment tools and criteria for deprescribing inappropriate medication in older adults. Assessment tools, algorithms, and approaches to identify potentially inappropriate medication were included from inception to March 2020. The terms were adjusted for each of the databases. Results: The search strategy produced 3326 potentially relevant publications. A total of 258 were evaluated. A total of 69 articles were included in the descriptive analysis. These were organized into two categories: specific criteria (n =55) and algorithm or frameworks for assessing medication (n =14). Most tools and criteria were developed using an evidence-based approach. Conclusions: This review provides a compile of available tools to identify potentially inappropriate medication in older people. Tools support health care professionals to make decisions around older adults and frail elderly medication. These results show the complexity of current pharmacotherapy in older people due to the number and type of drugs classes included in all of tools which is an alert of inappropriate use. NSAIDs and benzodiazepines are the most common drugs in the explicit criteria.(AU)

Development of a stepwise tool to aide primary health care professionals in the process of deprescribing in older persons.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to develop and validate a stepwise tool to aid primary health care professionals in the process of deprescribing potentially inappropriate medication in older persons. METHODS: We carried out a systematic review to identify previously published tools. A composite proposal of algorithm was made by following the steps from clinical experience to deprescribe medications. A 2-round electronic Delphi method was conducted to establish consensus. Eighteen experts from different countries (Colombia, Spain and Argentina) accepted to be part of the panel representing geriatricians, internists, endocrinologist, general practitioners, pharmacologists, clinical pharmacists, family physicians and nurses. Panel members were asked to mark a Likert Scale from 1 to 9 points (1= strongly disagree, 9= strongly agree). The content validity ratio, item-level content validity, and Fleiss' Kappa statistics was measured to establish reliability. The same voting method was used for round 2. RESULTS: A 7-question algorithm was proposed. Each question was part of a domain and conduct into a decision. In round 1, a consensus was not reached but statements were grouped and organized. In round 2, the tool met consensus. The inter-rater reliability was between substantial and almost perfect for questions with Kappa=0.77 (95% CI 0.60-0.93), for domains with Kappa= 0.73 (95%CI 0.60-0.86) and for decisions with Kappa= 0.97 (95%CI 0.90-1.00). CONCLUSIONS: This is a novel tool that captures and supports healthcare professionals in clinical decision-making for deprescribing potentially inappropriate medication. This includes patient's and caregiver's preferences about medication. This tool will help to standardize care and provide guidance on the prescribing/deprescribing process of older persons' medications. Also, it provides a holistic way to reduce polypharmacy and inappropriate medications in clinical practice.

Development of a stepwise tool to aide primary health care professionals in the process of deprescribing in older persons

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to develop and validate a stepwise tool to aid primary health care professionals in the process of deprescribing potentially inappropriate medication in older persons. METHODS: We carried out a systematic review to identify previously published tools. A composite proposal of algorithm was made by following the steps from clinical experience to deprescribe medications. A 2-round electronic Delphi method was conducted to establish consensus. Eighteen experts from different countries (Colombia, Spain and Argentina) accepted to be part of the panel representing geriatricians, internists, endocrinologist, general practitioners, pharmacologists, clinical pharmacists, family physicians and nurses. Panel members were asked to mark a Likert Scale from 1 to 9 points (1= strongly disagree, 9= strongly agree). The content validity‏ ratio, item-level content validity, and Fleiss' Kappa statistics was measured to establish reliability. The same voting method was used for round 2. RESULTS: A 7-question algorithm was proposed. Each question was part of a domain and conduct into a decision. In round 1, a consensus was not reached but statements were grouped and organized. In round 2, the tool met consensus. The inter-rater reliability was between substantial and almost perfect for questions with Kappa=0.77 (95% CI 0.60-0.93), for domains with Kappa= 0.73 (95%CI 0.60-0.86) and for decisions with Kappa= 0.97 (95%CI 0.90-1.00). CONCLUSIONS: This is a novel tool that captures and supports healthcare professionals in clinical decision-making for deprescribing potentially inappropriate medication. This includes patient's and caregiver's preferences about medication. This tool will help to standardize care and provide guidance on the prescribing/deprescribing process of older persons' medications. Also, it provides a holistic way to reduce polypharmacy and inappropriate medications in clinical practice

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Restricción de crecimiento intrauterino probablemente asociado al uso de metoprolol: reporte de caso / Intrauterine growth restriction probably associated with the use of metoprolol: a case report

Se presenta el caso de una paciente vinculada al programa de atención prenatal de una entidad promotora de salud (EPS). Se trata de una femenina de 30 años de edad, con embarazo de 20.5 semanas por fecha de última menstruación, con extrasístoles ventriculares aisladas sin fenómenos repetitivos y taquicardia sinusal inapropiada. A los 31 días de iniciado el tratamiento con metoprolol 25mg cada 12 horas vía oral, el feto presentó disminución progresiva del crecimiento. La restricción del crecimiento intrauterino fue el principal hallazgo durante los sesenta y tres días de uso de metoprolol. Se realizó una evaluación por la sospecha de evento adverso, utilizando el algoritmo de Naranjo y se determina que los efectos de metoprolol en el crecimiento intrauterino fetal eran plausibles (categoría probable). Se realiza la intervención para la suspensión del metoprolol y se observa ganancia de peso progresiva. Se logró un feto con adecuado peso al nacer

This is the case of a patient who was attended by a health care entity. She was a 30-year-old patient and 20.5 weeks pregnant according to the first day of the last menstrual period. She was diagnosed by a cardiologist with isolated ventricular extra-systoles without repetitive phenomena and inappropriate sinus tachycardia. After 31 days being treated with oral metoprolol 25mg bid, the fetus showed a progressive decline of growth rate. The intrauterine growth restriction was the main clinical finding during the sixty-three days of metoprolol consumption. Naranjo algorithm was used to evaluate the causality of the adverse event. It was determined that the effects of metoprolol on fetal intrauterine growth were plausible (probable). Metoprolol was ceased. Then a progressive borned of weight was observed. A fetus with adequate birth weight was achieved

Cierre por segunda intención de abdomen abierto en un paciente masculino de 27 años de edad: reporte de caso / A 27 year-old men with an open abdominal wound healing by second intention: case report

Resumen Se presenta el caso de un paciente masculino de 27 años de edad, con abdomen abierto, diagnóstico de sepsis abdominal severa y falla multiorgánica asociada a una pancreatitis aguda recurrente. Con presencia de dolor abdominal agudo, distensión abdominal, obesidad, taquipnea, xantomas en piel, signos de secuestro de líquidos. Triglicéridos 3450 mg/dL, amilasa 1212 U/L. Tomografía abdominal mostró proceso inflamatorio pancreático con índice de severidad estadio E (4 puntos), necrosis y derrames laminares en páncreas. Se realizó manejo en Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos Adulto. Se realizó laparotomía exploratoria y descomprensión abdominal por síndrome compartimental con el fin de efectuar lavado peritoneal terapéutico y necrosectomía. Se colocó bolsa de Bogotá durante el manejo. Por aplicación de criterios, se inició cierre por segunda intención con utilización del método de curación avanzada con productos de alta tecnología, un tratamiento complejo que mostró un resultado favorable en la recuperación del paciente.

Abstract A 27-year-old male is presented with a complex open abdominal wound, diagnosis of severe abdominal sepsis and multisystem organ failure associated to recurrent acute pancreatitis. Other signs and symptoms were acute abdominal pain and distension, obesity, tachypnea, xanthomas and signs of fluid sequestration. Triglycerides 3450mg / dL, amylase 1212 U / L were some lab results. Abdominal tomography showed a pancreatic inflammatory process with severity index E (4 points), necrosis and laminar effusions in the pancreas. Management in the Adult Intensive Care Unit (ICU) was necessary. Exploratory laparotomy and abdominal decompression were performed due to compartment syndrome, in order to do therapeutic peritoneal lavage and necrosectomy . A Bogota bag was installed during management. Using criteria, the surgical wound closure was initiated by secondary intention using advanced wound care treatment. It showed favorable results in patient recovery.

Adverse drug reactions in hospitalized Colombian children / Reacciones adversas a medicamentos en niños hospitalizados en Colombia

Abstract Introduction: The occurrence of adverse drug reactions is an important issue due to the lack of drug safety data in children. Objective: To describe the Adverse Drug Reactions in inpatient children under 6 years of age in two general pediatrics wards located in Barranquilla, Colombia. Methods: A prospective cohort study based on intensive pharmacovigilance was conducted during six months in order to monitor the emergence of Adverse Drug Reactions in inpatients children under 6 years of age with at least one medication prescribed. The study was conducted in two pediatric wards of two hospitals located in Barranquilla, Colombia. Naranjo´s Algorithm was used to evaluate imputability, the modified Hartwig and Siegel assessment scale to establish severity and the Schumock and Thornton criteria to determine preventability. Results: Of a total of 772 monitored patients, 156 Adverse Drug Reactions were detected on 147 children. The cumulative incidence of Adverse Drug Reactions was 19.0% (147/772); the incidence density was 37.6 Adverse Drug Reactions per 1,000 patients-days (147/3,913). The frequency was higher in children under 2 years of age (12.7%). Emergence of Adverse Drug Reactions was higher in male patients (RR= 1.66; 95% CI= 1.22-2.22, p= 0.001) and in those who used systemic antibiotics (RR= 1.82; 95% CI= 1.17-2.82, p= 0.005). Conclusions: Adverse Drug Reactions are common among hospitalized children and represent an additional burden of morbidity and risk, particularly in those who used several medicines, including antibiotics...(AU)

Resumen Introducción: La aparición de reacciones adversas a medicamentos es un tópico importante debido a la escasa información sobre seguridad de medicamentos en niños. Objetivo: Describir las reacciones adversas a medicamentos en niños menores de 6 años de edad hospitalizados en dos servicios de pediatría general en Barranquilla, Colombia. Métodos: Estudio prospectivo de una cohorte de pacientes basado en farmacovigilancia intensiva, realizado durante seis meses para monitorizar la aparición de reacciones adversas a medicamentos en niños menores de 6 años de edad hospitalizados y con indicación de al menos un medicamento. El estudio fue conducido en dos servicios de pediatría general de dos hospitales en Barranquilla, Colombia. El algoritmo de Naranjo fue usado para evaluar imputabilidad, la escala modificada de Hartwig y Siegel para establecer severidad y los criterios de Schumock y Thornton para determinar evitabilidad. Resultados: En total se monitorizaron 772 pacientes. Se detectaron 156 reacciones adversas a medicamentos en 147 niños. La incidencia acumulada de las reacciones adversas a medicamentos fue 19.0% (147/772); la densidad de incidencia fue de 37.6 reacciones adversas a medicamentos por 1,000 pacientes-día (147/3,913). La frecuencia de reacciones adversas fue mayor en niños <2 años de edad (12.7%). La ocurrencia de reacciones adversas a medicamentos fue mayor en pacientes masculinos (RR= 1.66; IC 95% =1.22-2.22, p= 0.001) y en quienes usaron antibióticos sistémicos (RR= 1.82; IC 95% = 1.17-2.82, p= 0.005). Conclusiones: Las reacciones adversas a medicamentos son comunes en niños hospitalizados y representan una morbilidad adicional y mayor riesgo, particularmente en aquellos que usaron varios medicamentos, incluyendo antibióticos...(AU)